Cannabis Use Tied to Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

A Growing Health Concern Among Chronic Cannabis Users

A new study published in the Annals of Emergency Medicine highlights a serious and often overlooked consequence of daily cannabis use: cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). This condition, characterized by severe nausea, uncontrollable vomiting, and intense abdominal pain, is leading to an increasing number of emergency room visits and hospitalizations.

Researchers from George Washington University conducted one of the largest studies on CHS to date, analyzing data from 1,052 self-reported cases. Their findings suggest that CHS could be a hidden but significant public health burden as cannabis use increases.

“Many patients don’t realize their symptoms are cannabis-related,” says lead researcher Dr. Andrew Meltzer.

Key Findings: The Link Between Cannabis Use and Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

Survey results revealed:

• 85% of CHS patients required emergency care
• 44% had at least one hospitalization
• 40% used cannabis more than five times a day
• Early cannabis use increased ER visit risk

Long-term use before CHS onset:
-44% of patients had used cannabis for over 5 years before symptoms began

Why Does Cannabis Cause Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome?

Cannabis is widely known for its anti-nausea properties, especially for chemotherapy patients. However, in some individuals, long-term, frequent cannabis use triggers the opposite effect, leading to cyclical vomiting and pain. The exact cause remains unclear, but potential mechanisms include cannabinoid receptor desensitization and changes in gut motility.

What Can Be Done?

Physicians must recognize CHS and educate patients on the risks. Many users are unaware that cannabis is causing their symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis and repeated ER visits.

“The only proven treatment for CHS is stopping cannabis use,” Meltzer explains.

Conclusion: A Call for Greater Awareness

As cannabis legalization and daily use increase, CHS may become a more frequent and costly public health issue. Future research is needed to understand why some users develop CHS while others do not, and to explore effective treatment options beyond cessation.

More Information: Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is Associated with High Disease Burden: An Internet-based survey, Annals of Emergency Medicine (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2025.01.008