Ultra-Processed Foods May Harm Brain Health in Children

Ultra-Processed Foods Linked to Cognitive and Neurodevelopmental Risks

A new review published in Frontiers in Nutrition raises concern over the growing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and their potential long-term consequences on brain health. The review, based on more than 100 preclinical and clinical studies, connects high intake of UPFs to increased risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and cognitive impairment among children and adolescents.

These foods, often energy-dense, high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats, and lacking essential nutrients, may disrupt the structure and function of developing brains. Researchers emphasize the influence of UPFs on neuroinflammation, gut-brain axis dysfunction, and neurotransmitter alterations during vulnerable life stages.

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Maternal and Child Nutrition Critical to Lifelong Cognitive Health

Maternal and early childhood nutrition play an irreplaceable role in shaping lifelong brain health. The review underscores that prenatal and early postnatal exposure to ultra-processed foods (UPFs), characterized by high sugar, salt, trans fats, and synthetic additives, can impair critical neurodevelopmental processes such as synaptogenesis, myelination, and neuronal migration. These processes are highly sensitive during gestation and infancy, making this a vulnerable life stage where poor dietary quality may have irreversible consequences.

A maternal diet high in UPFs has been linked to increased risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and behavioral regulation issues in offspring. Additionally, inadequate intake of essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, folate, choline, and iron can further disrupt fetal brain development and neuroplasticity.

This evidence reaffirms the need for targeted nutritional counseling during pregnancy and early childhood. Obstetricians, family physicians, pediatric nurses, and allied health professionals must prioritize nutrition screening and education to mitigate long-term risks such as depression, cognitive delays, and even later-life dementia. The intergenerational impact of poor nutrition cannot be overstated. Supporting maternal dietary quality is an investment in a child’s cognitive and emotional resilience.

Public Health Strategies and Clinical Implications

This growing evidence prompts a reassessment of dietary guidelines and public health strategies, especially for pediatric and maternal populations. 

“Healthcare professionals, including pediatricians, neurologists, and dietitians, are urged to address the widespread availability and marketing of UPFs as a modifiable risk factor in the early onset of neurodevelopmental disorders.”

Clinicians should also be aware of the potential metabolic and mental health impacts of dietary habits, especially in children with comorbidities like obesity or metabolic disease, where poor nutrition may compound neurological risks.

The Call for Regulatory Oversight and Awareness

The review underscores the pressing need for regulatory oversight on food composition and marketing, especially toward younger demographics. Schools, communities, and healthcare settings must collaborate to encourage healthy dietary habits, reduce access to UPFs, and protect long-term cognitive development in younger populations.

For More Information:

Frontiers in Public Health (2025). DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1590083 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1590083/full