Acid-Reducing Drugs Linked to Higher Migraine Risk

Acid-Reducing Drugs Linked to Higher Migraine Risk
Study: Use of Acid-Suppression Therapy and Odds of Migraine and Severe Headache in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Individuals who utilize acid-reducing drugs may find themselves at an elevated susceptibility to migraines and other severe forms of headaches compared to those who abstain from such pharmaceuticals. This revelation stems from a study featured in the April 24, 2024, online edition of Neurology® Clinical Practice, an esteemed publication affiliated with the American Academy of Neurology. Notable acid-reducing agents encompass proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole and esomeprazole, histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) such as cimetidine and famotidine, as well as antacid supplements. It is imperative to note that the study does not definitively establish a causal link between acid-reducing drugs and migraine; rather, it merely elucidates a correlation.

Acid reflux, characterized by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, typically manifests postprandially or during supine positioning. Individuals grappling with acid reflux may endure symptoms like heartburn and ulcerations. Prolonged and recurrent instances of acid reflux may culminate in the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition associated with an augmented risk of esophageal malignancy.

“Given the wide usage of acid-reducing drugs and these potential implications with migraine, these results warrant further investigation. These drugs are often considered to be overprescribed, and new research has shown other risks tied to long-term use of proton pump inhibitors, such as an increased risk of dementia.”- Margaret Slavin, PhD, RDN, study author of the University of Maryland in College Park

In this investigation, scholars analyzed data pertaining to 11,818 individuals who furnished details regarding their utilization of acid-reducing medications and their experience with migraines or severe headaches within the preceding three months.

Of the total cohort, 25% of individuals utilizing proton pump inhibitors reported instances of migraine or severe headache, contrasting with 19% of those abstaining from said medications. Similarly, 25% of subjects using H2 blockers exhibited severe headache symptoms, as opposed to 20% of their counterparts who refrained from such treatment. Moreover, 22% of participants consuming antacid supplements suffered from severe headache, in contrast to 20% of those who did not partake in antacid therapy.

Upon adjusting for various confounding factors such as age, gender, and consumption of caffeine and alcohol, researchers observed a noteworthy correlation: individuals prescribed proton pump inhibitors exhibited a 70% higher likelihood of experiencing migraines compared to their counterparts who eschewed such medication. Similarly, those prescribed H2 blockers displayed a 40% elevated risk, while individuals consuming antacid supplements demonstrated a 30% increased susceptibility.

“It is imperative to acknowledge that many individuals necessitate acid-reducing medications for the management of acid reflux or other medical conditions. Hence, individuals grappling with migraines or severe headaches who are prescribed these medications or supplements should engage in dialogue with their healthcare providers regarding the appropriateness of continued usage,” remarked Slavin.

Furthermore, Slavin underscored that the study exclusively scrutinized prescription drugs. While certain medications transitioned to non-prescription status at lower strengths during the study duration, the utilization of these over-the-counter formulations was not within the purview of this investigation.

Although previous research has suggested a potential association between gastrointestinal disorders and migraines, Slavin contends that this correlation does not entirely account for the observed linkage between acid-reducing drugs and migraines in the current study.

Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge a limitation of the study: a relatively modest number of participants were prescribed these medications, particularly the H2 blockers.

For more information: Use of Acid-Suppression Therapy and Odds of Migraine and Severe Headache in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Neurology® Clinical Practice, https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200302

Driven by a deep passion for healthcare, Haritha is a dedicated medical content writer with a knack for transforming complex concepts into accessible, engaging narratives. With extensive writing experience, she brings a unique blend of expertise and creativity to every piece, empowering readers with valuable insights into the world of medicine.

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