Maternal antibiotic use during childbirth tied to higher risk of autoimmune diseases in children

Antibiotic treatment given to mothers during delivery effectively prevents rare serious infections caused by Group B streptococcus in newborns, thereby reducing associated mortality. In Finland, antibiotics are administered to mothers during childbirth if Group B streptococcus is detected in the birth canal before delivery, and almost one in four women delivering vaginally receives antibiotic treatment.

The research findings play a crucial role in assessing the potential drawbacks of perinatal antibiotic use and investigating the underlying mechanisms of immune-related diseases. Previous knowledge indicated that antibiotics given to mothers during childbirth affect the development of the child’s intestinal microbiota. The study supports the idea that normal gut microbiota may have implications for a child’s long-term health.

 

This is an observational study that does not directly establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the antibiotics given to mothers during childbirth and the child’s later health. The result is a statistical association possibly influenced by other factors as well.”

 

Sofia Ainonen, lead author of the article and doctoral researcher at the University of Oulu

 

According to Professor Terhi Ruuska, who led the study, the findings encourage the development of precise prevention methods for Group B streptococcus infections. One potential method could be a vaccine administered to mothers that does not impact the child’s normal microbiota.

The study followed children born vaginally in Oulu University Hospital (OYS) and Oulaskangas hospital in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland, between 2007 and 2018. The study utilised national registers from the National Institute for Health and Welfare, the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela) and Statistics Finland, as well as high-quality electronic patient records from the hospitals in the OYS region, which provided comprehensive information on maternal antibiotic exposure.

The pre-approved version of the study was published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology on February 16th.